Face Lines, Skin Tension Lines and Aging: An Anatomical Review

Abstract

Facial lines are closely associated with the anatomical structure of the skin and the aging process. These lines are shaped by the orientation of collagen and elastin fibers beneath the skin, skin tension lines, and the movements of facial expression muscles. As aging progresses, facial lines become more pronounced. Genetic factors, hormonal changes, and environmental influences (UV exposure, smoking, nutrition, stress) can accelerate this process. Historically, researchers such as Langer, Borges, and others have examined the anatomy of facial lines using different methods and have proposed guidelines for aesthetic and surgical applications. However, a universally accepted facial line map for surgical incisions and aesthetic procedures has yet to be established. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms underlying the formation of facial lines, their association with biological and environmental factors, their historical background, and their relevance in clinical practice. © 2025, DergiPark. All rights reserved.