Intrapartum ultrasound for fetal head asynclitism: Is it possible to establish a degree of asynclitism to correlate to delivery outcome?

Abstract

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of intrapartum ultrasound (IU) in the diagnosis of asynclitism and the importance of asynclitism degree in labor outcomes. MethodThis prospective cohort study included 41 low-risk pregnant women with fetus in singleton-vertex. The IU assessment to diagnose asynclitism was performed during labor at two specific steps, including the suspicion and/or diagnosis of labor arrest. The four-chamber view and squint sign without nose were classified as marked/severe asynclitism. The midline deviation and squint sign with nose findings were classified as moderate asynclitism. Obstetric outcomes and maternal-fetal complications were compared with the degree of asynclitism. ResultsSevere and moderate asynclitism was seen in 17 (41.7%), 10 (58.8%) and seven (41.2%) women, respectively. All pregnant women diagnosed with asynclitism delivered by vacuum extraction (VE) or cesarean section (CS). CS was performed in nine patients with asynclitism (52.9%). The difference between asynclitism type and VE/CS ratios was statistically significant (P = 0.039). Four fetuses with squint sign without nose delivered by VE. A significant correlation was seen between the presence of squint without nose sign and second-/third-degree perineal injury. ConclusionSevere asynclitism is associated with increasing operative birth and maternal-fetal complications. Detection of asynclitism degree by IU could be useful, alerting the obstetrics team to possible perinatal problems during delivery.