Overview of lıfespan of platelets (The Relationship between structural, functional and behaviour properties)

Abstract

Objective: Platelets are discoid and are the smallest anucleate blood cells, expressing their dynamism through their morphologic properties. Megakaryocytes in the bone marrow are the site of platelet formation. A mature platelet is 2-3 µm in diameter and usually remains viable for 7-10 days. Platelets are unique in their structural organization, characterized by the absence of a nucleus and the presence of prominent mitochondria. They are mainly associated with hemostasis, which initiates blood coagulation. Although highly dynamic, they typically remain inactive and are only activated upon damage to a blood vessel. Hemostasis or blood clotting is not the only function of platelets; instead they are used in a variety of multifunctional properties that monitor the body's homeostasis. Platelets play an important role in maintaining hemostasis and thrombosis and are a key player in thrombotic disease. Cardiovascular disease and thrombosis occur more frequently with aging. Although platelet aggregation is known to increase the incidence of vascular disease, the impact of age-related changes in platelet biology on cardiovascular risk is not clear. Discussion: Some evidence supports the view that platelets in older adults function and structure differently, making them more susceptible to activation and less sensitive to inhibition. These age-related changes may lead to platelet hyperactivity and the development of a prothrombotic state at advanced age. The ultrastructure of platelets reveals their behavioral properties. The plasma membrane of platelets consists of a phospholipid bilayer. Location of diverse many surface receptors and lipid bilayer facilitate the signaling and intracellular communication. Conclusion: In the near future, the integration of advanced structural and mechanical techniques will provide a deeper insight into how structural alterations affect the stiffness of platelets during activation and adhesion Additional experiments will provide more detailed information on structure–function relationships and also their lifespan. © 2024, Bulgarska Akademiya na Naukite. All rights reserved.