Histopathological analysis in functional endoscopic sinus surgery

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the histopathological diagnosis distribution and benign-malignant ratios of patients who have undergone functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Material and Methods: The pathology results of patients who underwent FESS in our clinic between 2018 and 2022 were retrospectively scanned from the hospital database. Demographic characteristics (age, gender) and histopathological findings in the files of the patients were recorded. Histopathological diagnosis distributions and benign-malignant ratios were determined. Results: A total of 365 patients (262 men (71.8%) and 103 women (28.2%)) were retrospectively scanned from the hospital database. The mean age of the patients was 40.09±13.79 (Mean±SD). The most common histopathological diagnoses were nasal polyp (76.4%), chronic inflammation, edema and congestion (Chronic sinusitis) (16.7%), respectively. Among the malignant tumors, squamous cell carcinoma (0.8%) was observed. Inverted papillomas, which are likely to transform into malignancy, were observed at a rate of 1.0%. Considering the histopathological diagnosis distribution by gender, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Considering the histopathological diagnosis distribution by age, there was a statistically significant difference (p=0.01). Malignant pathologies were seen in advanced ages. Conclusion: The most common histopathological result in patients undergoing FESS is non-neoplastic lesions. However, unexpected malignancy diagnoses are encountered, albeit in a small number. Therefore, routine histopathology of FESS is essential to identify pathologies with different prognosis.